Cervical
Cancer

Understanding Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in the lining of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It often develops slowly over several years, starting as abnormal changes in the cells on the cervix.

Types of Cervical Cancer

There are several types of cervical cancer, with the most common being squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma arises from the thin, flat cells lining the outer part of the cervix, while adenocarcinoma develops in the glandular cells lining the cervical canal.

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

Recognising the symptoms of cervical cancer is vital for early intervention. Common symptoms include:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding
• Pelvic pain or discomfort
• Pain during intercourse
• Unusual vaginal discharge
• Vaginal bleeding after menopause

Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer

Understanding the risk factors associated with cervical cancer is essential for prevention and early detection. Risk factors include:

• Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
• Smoking
• Weakened immune system.

Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer

Diagnosing cervical cancer typically involves a combination of screening tests and diagnostic procedures. Pap smears, HPV tests are common screening methods, while colposcopy, biopsy and imaging tests may be employed for a definitive diagnosis.

Treatment for Cervical Cancer

Treatment options for cervical cancer depend on various factors, including the stage of cancer, the type of cervical cancer, and the patient's overall health. Common treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In some cases, a combination of these approaches is recommended.

Prevention of Cervical Cancer

Preventing cervical cancer involves a multifaceted approach. Regular screenings, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, are crucial for early detection. HPV vaccination is also effective in preventing infections with high-risk HPV types. Additionally, adopting a healthy lifestyle, including not smoking and practicing safe sex, can significantly reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer.