Lung
Cancer
Understanding Lung Cancer
Lung cancer impacts millions of lives worldwide.
It is a disease that begins in the cells of the lungs, typically in the lining of the bronchi or the small air sacs.
This uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells can eventually form tumours, impairing lung function and spreading to other parts of the body.
Types of Lung Cancer
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of cases. It is further divided into subtypes, such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.
- Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) is less common but often more aggressive. It tends to grow and spread quickly, making it challenging to treat. SCLC is typically categorised into limited stage and extensive stage, depending on the extent of the cancer's spread.
Symptoms
Lung cancer can remain asymptomatic in its early stages, which is why it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage.
Symptoms may include
- persistent cough
- shortness of breath
- fatigue
- hoarseness
- chest pain
- coughing up blood
- unexplained weight loss
- recurrent respiratory infections
Risk Factors
Several factors increase the risk of developing lung cancer, including
- smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, with both active and passive smoking being major contributors
- exposure to carcinogens such as asbestos, radon gas, and workplace exposures like coal dust
- family history of lung cancer can increase the risk
- personal history of lung cancer or radiation therapy to the chest may elevate the risk
- air pollution or long-term exposure to polluted air can also play a role
Diagnosis
Early diagnosis is crucial for better treatment outcomes.
The following diagnostic methods are commonly used
- imaging tests such as Chest X-rays, CT scans, and PET scans can identify suspicious lung lesions
- biopsies of tissue samples obtained through bronchoscopy, needle aspiration, or surgery to determine the type and stage of the cancer
- molecular testing or genetic testing of tumour tissue to guide targeted therapy options
Treatment
The approach to lung cancer treatment varies depending on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient.
Treatment options include
- surgical removal of the tumour or part of the lung
- radiation therapy to destroy cancer cells
- chemotherapy to kill cancer cells or stop their growth
- drugs designed to attack specific molecular changes in cancer cells
- immunotherapy to boost the body's immune system to fight cancer
- palliative care that focuses on symptom management and improving the patient's quality of life
Prevention
Preventing lung cancer is a critical endeavour, especially for those at higher risk, such as those with a history of smoking, exposure to environmental pollutants, a family history of lung cancer, or relevant health conditions.
Strategies for prevention include
| Smoking cessation | Quitting smoking is the most effective way to reduce the risk of lung cancer. |
| Avoiding exposure | Minimise exposure to environmental carcinogens like radon and asbestos. |
| Healthy lifestyle | Eating a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and reducing alcohol consumption can contribute to overall health and potentially lower the risk. |
| Screening | High-risk individuals may benefit from regular lung cancer |
If you're dealing with lung cancer, know that you're not alone. With the right knowledge, support, and a positive mindset, you can defeat it.
Never give up, you'll never walk alone.
Stay strong, stay hopeful, and believe that you can win this battle.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells. It can be administered systemically (through the bloodstream) to target cancer cells throughout the body. Chemotherapy is used in various cancers, either as the primary treatment or in combination with other therapies, such as with surgery or radiotherapy.
