Nasopharyngeal
Cancer

Understanding Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Nasopharyngeal cancer is a common type of head and neck cancer that originates in the nasopharynx, the area behind the nose and above the back of the throat.

Types of Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Nasopharyngeal cancer is broadly categorised into three types:

• Keratinising squamous cell carcinoma (type 1)
• Non-keratinising carcinoma (type 2)
• Undifferentiated carcinoma (type 3).

Symptoms of Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Common symptoms include:

• Persistent nasal congestion
• Nosebleeds
• Hearing loss
• Headaches
• A lump in the neck

Risk Factors for Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Risk factors include infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a family history of nasopharyngeal cancer, Asian ancestry, exposure to certain environmental factors, and consumption of preserved foods containing nitrites.

Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Diagnosing nasopharyngeal cancer typically involves a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examination, imaging tests (such as MRI and CT scans), nasal endoscopy, biopsy, and tests to detect the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Treatment for Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Treatment options for nasopharyngeal cancer depend on various factors, including the type and stage of cancer, the patient's overall health, and preferences. Common treatments include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and in some cases, surgery.

Prevention of Nasopharyngeal Cancer

While it's challenging to prevent nasopharyngeal cancer entirely, certain strategies can help reduce the risk. This includes avoiding exposure to environmental risk factors, maintaining a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and considering lifestyle choices that reduce the risk of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection. Additionally, proactive screening methods are also available such as EBV serology and nasal endoscopy.